Versioned security assessment

Report ID: SA-69C2F729

7/10/2026, 12:15:19 AM

nla-arbitrate security assessment v1

Skill Security Certification Report

Audit History
Audit model: codex Historical report
Skill name
nla-arbitrate
Version
v1
Maintainer
internet-court
Source
github.com/internet-court/internet-court-skill/tree/main/vendored/arkhai/nla-arbitrate
Coverage
1 Files scanned · 102 Lines analyzed
Policy version
Unavailable

Highest confirmed finding severity

High

4 confirmed security findings require attention.

Installation context

Historical evidence

This report may not describe the currently installable artifact. Open the current Skill page for install guidance.

Open current Skill page

This report does not block or authorize the manifest or ZIP.

The skill is not overtly malicious, but it operates a high-impact escrow arbitration CLI. Several Markdown backtick and reconnaissance alerts are false positives, while arbitration commands and secret handling are confirmed risks. Auto mode adds prompt-injection and irreversible on-chain decision exposure.

Report position

Historical report

Open audit history before using this report to install.

Audit attestation

Not attestable

The required immutable binding is incomplete.

Human verification

Not verified

No human verification is recorded for this report.

Coverage

1 Files scanned · 102 Lines analyzed

12 items shown for review

Limitations

This report does not claim runtime or sandbox execution and does not prove the absence of side effects.

Evidence chain

Follow the evidence from source binding to the install contract. Available evidence supports verification; it is not a safety guarantee.

  1. Source

    Binding unavailable

  2. Artifact

    Identity incomplete

  3. Audit

    Complete

  4. Install contract

    Open manifest to verify

    Open manifest

Capabilities observed

Observed means this report recorded supporting evidence. Not recorded does not prove that a capability is absent.

Contains scripts

May execute code included with the Skill.

Not recorded by this audit

Network access

May connect to external services.

Not recorded by this audit

Filesystem access

May read or write local files.

Not recorded by this audit

Env variables

May read values from the process environment.

Observed in 2 evidence locations

External commands

May invoke commands or programs outside the Skill.

Observed in 15 evidence locations

Capability review items (8)
High
SKILL.md:80
Generic API/secret keys
- Auto mode reads LLM API keys from environment variables (OPENAI_API_KEY, etc.) or CLI flags
Auto mode explicitly reads LLM API keys from environment variables or flags. These are credentials and should be treated as sensitive inputs.
High
SKILL.md:86
Generic API/secret keys
- Private key set via `nla wallet:set`, `--private-key` flag, or `PRIVATE_KEY` env var
The skill documents PRIVATE_KEY access through an environment variable or flag. A wallet private key is a high-impact secret.
Medium
SKILL.md:35-41
Ruby/shell backtick execution
```bash
This command can submit arbitration decisions for a specific escrow through an external CLI. Auto mode increases impact because decisions may be made without manual review.
Medium
SKILL.md:47-53
Ruby/shell backtick execution
```bash
The command scans all pending requests and may submit arbitration decisions through the external nla CLI. The all-scope and auto option create real operational risk.
Medium
SKILL.md:65
Ruby/shell backtick execution
In **auto mode** (`--auto`), the command uses the LLM provider/model specified in the escrow's deman
The line documents auto mode for the external arbitration command and says it can use provider credentials. This is a legitimate feature but carries execution and decision risk.
Medium
SKILL.md:85-86
Ruby/shell backtick execution
- `nla` CLI installed and configured
The prerequisite section references installing and configuring the external nla CLI. This is expected for the skill, but it is still an external-command dependency.
Medium
SKILL.md:86
Ruby/shell backtick execution
- Private key set via `nla wallet:set`, `--private-key` flag, or `PRIVATE_KEY` env var
The line references nla wallet:set and private-key flags for wallet setup. External command use touches a highly sensitive signing key.
Medium
SKILL.md:92-101
Ruby/shell backtick execution
```bash
The examples run arbitration commands, including auto mode and all pending requests. These commands can create on-chain effects and use API credentials.

Risk findings

Confirmed security concerns are separated from items that still need review.

Confirmed security concerns (4)

RISK-001 High
SKILL.md:86
Crypto seed/private key mention
- Private key set via `nla wallet:set`, `--private-key` flag, or `PRIVATE_KEY` env var
The line explicitly mentions a crypto private key. Exposure or misuse of this key can enable unauthorized signing or asset loss.
RISK-002 High
SKILL.md:57-65
Prompt Injection Exposure in Auto Arbitration
Auto mode uses an LLM to judge escrow demand and fulfillment text. Untrusted escrow text could steer the model and affect on-chain decisions.
The skill says the command displays demand and fulfillment text, then documents LLM auto mode. That creates a clear prompt-injection exposure even without a malicious sample in the file.
RISK-003 High
SKILL.md:80-86SKILL.md:100
Command-Line Secret Exposure
The skill allows API keys and private keys through command-line flags. Shell history or process listings can expose these secrets.
The file explicitly mentions API-key and private-key flags and includes an API-key flag example. The exposure path depends on the local shell and operating system.
RISK-004 High
SKILL.md:77-78SKILL.md:92-100
Irreversible On-Chain Decisions in Broad Auto Mode
The skill documents automatic arbitration for all pending requests while noting that each decision becomes a permanent on-chain attestation.
The impact is clear from permanent attestations and all-pending auto examples. The exact harm depends on escrow value and user confirmation behavior in the CLI.

Remediation

Suggested fixes recorded by this audit. Applying them is the maintainer’s responsibility.

  1. FIX-001
    High
    Auto arbitration can decide disputes from untrusted escrow text.
    Require explicit user confirmation before auto mode submits decisions, especially for all pending requests.
  2. FIX-002
    High
    API keys and wallet private keys may be supplied through CLI flags.
    Prefer environment variables or a secure wallet store, and remove examples that pass secrets on the command line.
  3. FIX-003
    High
    Arbitration commands can create permanent on-chain attestations.
    Add a dry-run or preview step that shows gas cost, escrow UID, fulfillment UID, and decision before submission.
  4. FIX-004
    Medium
    The skill relies on an external CLI for sensitive wallet operations.
    Keep tool access restricted to Bash(nla:*) and document that no other shell commands are required.

Expert evidence

Immutable subject identity, scanner metadata, dismissed matches, and source-level evidence.

Artifact subject

Marketplace commit
Unavailable
Content hash
Unavailable
Tree hash
Unavailable
Skill path
Unavailable
Audit payload hash
Unavailable

Analysis metadata

Audit model: codex

Analysis state: Complete

Scope is limited to the recorded files, lines, methods, and evidence. No runtime or sandbox execution is claimed.

Verify and export

JSON report CITATION.cff SARIF 2.1.0 Signed installation manifest

The manifest and lockfile bind install artifacts to cryptographic hashes. This integrity claim is separate from the security assessment.

Audit attestation: not_attestable